Forging Friendship: The Development of Vietnam-Philippines Relations from 1975 to 2025

Baybay City, Philippines — December 17, 2024

The relationship between Vietnam and the Philippines has seen a remarkable evolution over the past five decades. From a backdrop of historical tensions and regional conflicts to a partnership grounded in shared interests and mutual cooperation, Vietnam and the Philippines have worked diligently to foster friendship and collaboration. This article chronicles the key developments in the bilateral relationship from 1975 to 2025, detailing the significant milestones and the current status of their partnership.

Uneasy Beginnings: Post-War Context (1975-1995)

The end of the Vietnam War in 1975 marked a new chapter for Vietnam, thrusting it into international isolation. While the Philippines, under the leadership of President Ferdinand Marcos, was allied with the United States, Vietnam was viewed with suspicion. The Cold War dynamics and the Philippines’ acceptance of American military presence made the relationship between these two countries uneasy during this period.

In the late 1980s, however, both nations began to seek greater engagement. Vietnam’s implementation of the “Đổi Mới” reforms in 1986, transitioning towards a market-oriented economy, opened new avenues for cooperation. By the early 1990s, the Philippines also began to shift its focus on ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) regionalism, recognizing the need for multilateral engagement in the region.

Early Cooperation: Establishing Diplomatic Ties (1995-2005)

In 1992, Vietnam and the Philippines formally established diplomatic relations, signaling a newfound desire for cooperation. The signing of the Framework Agreement on Bilateral Cooperation in 1994 laid the foundation for collaboration in various areas, including trade, culture, and education. Both nations realized the potential for economic growth through partnership, particularly within the context of ASEAN.

As ASEAN member states, Vietnam and the Philippines participated in regional initiatives aimed at promoting economic integration and peace. The establishment of mechanisms like the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) in 1992 further fostered trade relations between the two countries. Trade volumes increased steadily, driven by growing exports and investments.

Growing Collaboration: Political and Security Dimensions (2005-2015)

The 2000s marked a turning point in Vietnam-Philippines relations, characterized by increased engagement on political and security issues. As both countries faced challenges related to maritime disputes in the South China Sea, they sought to strengthen their cooperation. In 2009, Vietnam and the Philippines issued a joint statement reaffirming their commitment to peaceful resolution of disputes and respect for international law.

The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) provided a platform for both countries to address security concerns and collaborate on counter-terrorism efforts. High-level visits became more frequent, further solidifying political ties. In 2012, Philippine President Benigno Aquino III visited Vietnam, advancing discussions on defense and security cooperation.

During this period, bilateral trade reached new heights, with both countries investing in sectors such as agriculture, technology, and tourism. Vietnamese goods, including seafood and agricultural products, found a growing market in the Philippines, while Filipino companies capitalized on opportunities in Vietnam’s expanding economy.

Strategic Partners: A New Era of Cooperation (2015-2020)

The relationship entered a new phase in 2015 with the signing of a Joint Vision Statement, which articulated aspirations for a stronger partnership based on shared strategic interests. This document highlighted the importance of collaboration in defense, security, trade, and cultural exchange.

In 2016, Vietnam participated in a defense meeting hosted by the Philippines, and the two nations agreed to enhance their military ties. Joint naval exercises and training programs commenced, emphasizing cooperation in maritime security. This cooperation was vital for both nations, given the increasingly aggressive posture of China in the South China Sea.

The Philippines welcomed Vietnamese President Tran Dai Quang in 2017, culminating in discussions about economic partnerships and regional security. The two countries worked together in ASEAN to promote a unified stance on the South China Sea issue, advocating for adherence to international law and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

Navigating Challenges and Opportunities (2020-2025)

As the world grappled with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the Vietnam-Philippines relationship faced new challenges. Nevertheless, both nations demonstrated resilience and adaptability. Vietnam, praised for its effective pandemic response, shared its experiences and best practices with the Philippines, fostering mutual support.

In recent years, both countries have expressed an increased commitment to address climate change, food security, and disaster risk reduction. The heightened frequency of natural disasters in the region has necessitated stronger collaboration in areas like environmental sustainability and humanitarian assistance.

By 2025, Vietnam and the Philippines aim to deepen their strategic partnership further, now focusing on technology cooperation, digital transformation, and innovation. As both are members of multilateral platforms such as the ASEAN Economic Community, they will continue to explore avenues for joint economic development, including infrastructure projects and sustainable initiatives.

Conclusion: Building a Future Together

As Vietnam and the Philippines look towards 2025 and beyond, their relationship stands as a testament to resilience and strategic partnership in an increasingly complex geopolitical landscape. The past five decades have transformed their ties from tentative beginnings into a robust alliance rooted in mutual respect, cooperation, and shared goals.

Facing common challenges such as maritime security, climate change, and economic development, both nations are committed to enhancing collaboration across various sectors. The continued exchange of knowledge and technology will be crucial for addressing pressing global issues.

As ASEAN neighbors, Vietnam and the Philippines are poised to play key roles in promoting regional peace and stability, while also fostering economic integration that benefits their citizens. By building on their historic ties and working together, they can create a future characterized by prosperity, security, and a strengthened commitment to the principles of multilateralism. This partnership not only benefits both countries but also contributes to the broader stability and growth of Southeast Asia.