China’s Salami Slicing: A Slice at a Time

By WPS News UNCLOS Correspondent

Baybay City, Philippines | January 30, 2025

China’s rise as a global power has been accompanied by a strategic approach often described as “salami slicing.” This term, derived from the gradual process of cutting a salami into thin slices, accurately reflects Beijing’s method of achieving its geopolitical objectives. By undertaking a series of seemingly minor actions, China aims to gradually erode the status quo without provoking a decisive response from the international community.

The core principle of salami slicing is to avoid actions that would be perceived as overtly aggressive or threatening. Instead, China employs a strategy of incremental encroachment, testing the limits of international tolerance. Each individual step, while seemingly insignificant, contributes to a larger pattern of territorial or political gain. This approach allows Beijing to maintain plausible deniability, claiming that its actions are merely defensive or in response to provocations.

The South China Sea is perhaps the most prominent example of China’s salami slicing tactics. Through a combination of island building, fishing vessel deployments, and assertive naval patrols, China has steadily expanded its control over disputed waters. This gradual encroachment has eroded the maritime rights of neighboring countries and challenged the international rules-based order. Similarly, in the Taiwan Strait, China has engaged in a pattern of military intimidation, diplomatic isolation, and economic coercion to gradually diminish Taiwan’s autonomy and sovereignty.

The effectiveness of salami slicing lies in its ability to exploit the inherent difficulties of responding to incremental challenges. Each individual action may not warrant a strong counter-response, but the cumulative effect over time can be significant. Furthermore, the tactic can create a sense of inevitability, as the gradual erosion of the status quo makes it increasingly difficult to reverse the process without resorting to drastic measures.

To counter China’s salami slicing, the international community must adopt a proactive and unified approach. Early and firm responses to even minor encroachments are essential to deter further aggression. Building strong alliances and coalitions can also help to counterbalance China’s influence. Additionally, effective communication and diplomacy are crucial to expose Beijing’s tactics and rally international support.

It is important to note that the concept of salami slicing is a subject of debate, with some arguing that it oversimplifies China’s complex foreign policy. However, the pattern of incremental actions observed in various regions suggests that this strategy is a deliberate and calculated approach.

As China’s power and influence continue to grow, understanding and addressing the salami slicing tactic is essential for maintaining a stable and rules-based international order. By recognizing the long-term implications of China’s incremental actions, the international community can develop effective strategies to counter this challenge and protect its interests.

A Complex Challenge: Countering China’s Influence in the Philippines

Stopping China “cold” is a formidable challenge for the Philippines, given the disparity in economic and military power between the two nations. However, a multifaceted approach can help mitigate the risks and protect Philippine sovereignty.

Strengthening National Defense

• Modernization: Investing in modern naval and aerial capabilities is crucial for effective deterrence and territorial defense. This includes acquiring advanced surveillance, patrol, and combat vessels.
• Coast Guard Enhancement: Strengthening the Philippine Coast Guard is essential for maritime law enforcement and protecting fishing grounds.
• Human Capital Development: Investing in the training and education of military and coast guard personnel is vital for building a skilled and capable force.

Diplomatic Engagement and Alliances

• ASEAN Unity: Strengthening cooperation within ASEAN is crucial for presenting a united front against China’s maritime claims.
• US Alliance: Deepening the alliance with the United States, including expanded military exercises and access to bases, can provide a strong deterrent.
• Diversifying Partnerships: Building relationships with other countries, such as Japan, Australia, and India, can provide additional support and balance of power.

Economic Resilience

• Diversification: Reducing economic dependence on China by diversifying trade partners and investments can mitigate risks.
• Infrastructure Development: Investing in domestic infrastructure can enhance economic competitiveness and reduce reliance on Chinese aid.
• Supporting Local Industries: Promoting local industries and entrepreneurship can create jobs and reduce vulnerability to economic coercion.

Legal and Diplomatic Assertions

• International Law: Continuously asserting the Philippines’ rights under international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), is essential.
• Arbitration Victory: Maximizing the benefits of the 2016 arbitral ruling, which favored the Philippines, through diplomatic and legal means.
• Public Diplomacy: Effectively communicating the Philippines’ position on the South China Sea issue to the international community can build support.

Domestic Unity and Resilience

• Nationalism: Fostering a sense of national unity and pride can strengthen resilience against external pressures.
• Information Warfare: Countering disinformation and propaganda from China through effective communication strategies.
• Education: Promoting awareness of the South China Sea issue and the importance of national sovereignty among the Filipino people.

It’s important to note that these are general recommendations, and the specific actions the Philippines should take will depend on the evolving situation and the government’s priorities. A balanced approach that combines diplomacy, defense, and economic resilience is essential for effectively addressing the challenges posed by China.

One Possible End Game

Sinking Chinese Ships: A Risky Proposition

Sinking Chinese ships within the Philippines’ EEZ or territorial waters is a highly provocative and potentially catastrophic action. While understandable in the face of persistent Chinese encroachment, it could escalate tensions to an unprecedented level and trigger a full-scale conflict.

Here are some key considerations:

• Escalation: Such a move would almost certainly lead to a significant escalation of tensions with China, potentially involving military retaliation.
• Regional Instability: It could destabilize the entire region, drawing in other countries and creating a wider conflict.
• International Law: While the Philippines has a strong legal case based on the 2016 arbitral ruling, using force could undermine its moral high ground and legal position.
• Domestic Impact: A conflict would have severe economic and social consequences for the Philippines.
• Alternative Options: There are other, less risky options to assert sovereignty and protect national interests, such as diplomatic pressure, economic sanctions, and strengthening alliances.

It’s crucial to remember that the Philippines is not alone in facing challenges from China’s maritime assertiveness. Building a united front with other ASEAN countries and strengthening alliances with major powers can provide a more effective and sustainable approach to addressing the issue.

The Stealth Runner Project as a Non-Military Solution

The Stealth Runner Project offers a compelling alternative to military options in addressing the challenges faced by Filipino fisherfolk in the West Philippine Sea. By focusing on non-violent means of protection and deterrence, this initiative avoids the escalation of tensions and potential for armed conflict. The project’s emphasis on community involvement and cooperation fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility among local stakeholders. Moreover, the Stealth Runner’s capacity to gather evidence of illegal activities provides a strong foundation for diplomatic and legal recourse. In essence, this project presents a sustainable and peaceful approach to safeguarding the rights and livelihoods of Filipino fisherfolk while preserving regional stability.

Ultimately the Stealth Runners would end China’s slicing up the West Philippine Sea.